Islamic charity is
grounded
in the Qur'anic verses (2:177):
"It is not righteousness
That ye turn your faces
Towards East or West;
But it is righteousness--
To believe in God
And the Last Day,
And the Angels,
And the Book,
And the Messengers;
To spend out of your substance,
Out of love for Him,
For your kin,
For orphans,
For the needy,
For the wayfarer,
For those who ask,
And for the ransom of slaves;
To be steadfast in prayer,
And practice regular charity;
To fulfill the contracts
Which you have made;
And to be firm and patient,
In pain (or suffering)
And adversity,
And throughout
All periods of panic.
Such are the people
Of truth, the God-conscious."
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Zakat-al-mal
- Zakat (i.e., Zakat-al-mal) must be
paid by all Muslims whose net worth for the
preceding year has remained above a minimal exemption
called nisab. Nisab has been estimated at
$1,230.
- Zakat is 2 1/2% of the net worth held for
a full lunar year (except that it is 5% of the
"produce" from irrigated land and 10%
of that from unirrigated land, and 20% for
minerals and treasures from the earth) while other items
are excluded (e.g., a home occupied by
the owner--to the extent that it is
not luxurious, including utensils, furniture, etc.;
clothes; agricultural land farmed by the owner; jewelry
to the degree that it is customary in your
neighborhood).
- Zakat may be paid at any time within the year (but to
pay as soon after Ramadan as possible makes it easy for
those who fast: you know from personal experience
how the hungry feel and why we should give).
Zakat-al-fitr, sadaqat-al-fitr, fitra
- Zakat-al-fitr is a flat amount per household member
paid by the head of the household for himself and his
dependents. It has been estimated at about $10 per
person. It should be paid to the bait-al-mal
no later that the eid-al-fitr.
Sadaqa
Sadaqa is a voluntary charity which may be
made at any time. It can be of any amount "beyond your
needs." It need not be money. Giving a smile to someone
who needs it is also sadaqa.
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